Immunological Mechanisms Of Oncolytic Adenoviral Therapy

AppId is over the quota
AppId is over the quota

Cancer is one of the most common causes of death in humans. The conventional cancer therapies include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeting therapies, which are intended to directly destroy and eliminate tumor cells. These treatments often fail, resulting in tumor metastasis and recurrence. Therefore, there is a critical need for novel cancer therapies. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have revealed that immune responses play a critical role in conventional cancer therapies. Replication-selective oncolytic viruses are a rapidly expanding therapeutic platform for cancer. Professor Wang Shengdian and his group from the Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, have studied tumor immunity for several years, with a team focusing on oncolytic adenovirus. In this work, entitled "CD8+ T cell response mediates the therapeutic effects of oncolytic adenovirus in an immunocompetent mouse model", published in Chinese Science Bulletin 2012, Vol. 57(1), this team has demonstrated that the host anti-tumor immune responses, especially the CD8+ T cell responses, play a critical role in the therapeutic effects of oncolytic adenovirus. These studies might shed light on novel cancer therapies.

Researchers have identified several oncolytic viruses such as poliovirus, adenovirus, vesicular stomatitis virus, reovirus, and vaccinia virus, which can selectively infect or replicate in cancer cells, but spare normal cells. Among these, adenovirus has been the most commonly used oncolytic virus in the last decade, because of its efficacy, safety, and ease of manipulation. When administered to tumors, oncolytic adenovirus infects and kills cancer cells as a result of the normal viral life cycle, by replicating in cells and releasing progeny viruses. However, adenoviral infection is immunogenic and can induce strong anti-viral immune responses, which accelerate the clearance of virus and limit the therapeutic effects on cancer. Some studies have shown that suppressing the immune system could enhance the efficacy of oncolytic vectors. On the other hand, recent preclinical and clinical studies have suggested that the immune response plays an important role in mediating the antitumor efficacy. Therefore, the influence of immune responses on oncolytic therapy is complex. Because of the species specificity of adenoviral replication, it was widely assumed that adenoviral replication would not occur in mouse tumors. Consequently, oncolytic adenoviral vectors have been commonly evaluated in immunodeficient mouse-human tumor xenograft models, which do not accurately reflect what happens in humans treated with oncolytic adenovirus. A team led by Professor Yaohe Wang from the Center for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, previously screened a panel of mouse tumor cell lines and identified two cell lines - CMT 93 (a murine rectal cancer cell line) and CMT64 (a murine non-small-cell lung cancer cell line) with significant permissibility for adenoviral gene expression, cytopathic effects, and/or replication.

In this work, the team lead by Professor Wang Shengdian evaluated the roles of immune components in oncolytic adenoviral therapy with a murine tumor by subcutaneously inoculating CMT 93 cells into syngeneic C57BL/6 mice. They found that CD8+ T cells, but not CD4+ T cells or natural killer cells, are critical mediators of the antitumor efficacy of oncolytic adenovirus by deletion of the corresponding cell subsets with specific antibodies. Intratumoral injection of adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) could induce intensive infiltration of CD8+ T cells into the tumor, and increase tumor-specific interferon-? production and cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity. The anti-tumor T cell responses induced by Ad5 therapy produced long-term tumor-specific memory immune responses that protected the cured mice well from tumor rechallenge. This anti-tumor immune memory is thought to play a major role in preventing tumor relapse. For larger tumors, Ad5 therapy alone controls tumor growth only transiently. However, Ad5 therapy followed by treatment with agonistic anti-4-1BB (cluster differentiation 137, CD137) antibody, a potent enhancer of the specific CD8+ T cell response, resulted in complete rejection of all transplanted tumors, demonstrating that promotion of T cell responses against tumors could enhance the therapeutic effects of oncolytic adenovirus.

In summary, this study provides insight into the antitumor mechanisms of oncolytic adenovirus, in addition to their direct oncolytic effect. Meanwhile, this study proposes a new and more effective therapeutic regime for cancer treatment using a combination therapy of oncolytic adenovirus and immunotherapy.

Additional References Citations Article adapted by Medical News Today from original press release. Click 'references' tab above for source.
Visit our cancer / oncology section for the latest news on this subject. YANG Y J, LI X Z, WANG Y H, WANG S D. CD8+ T cell response mediates the therapeutic effects of oncolytic adenovirus in an immunocompetent mouse model. Chinese Science Bulletin 2012 Vol. 57(1): 48-53.
Science in China Press Please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report:

MLA
Science in China Press. "Immunological Mechanisms Of Oncolytic Adenoviral Therapy." Medical News Today. MediLexicon, Intl., 31 Jan. 2012. Web.
5 Feb. 2012. APA
Science in China Press. (2012, January 31). "Immunological Mechanisms Of Oncolytic Adenoviral Therapy." Medical News Today. Retrieved from
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/240902.php.

Please note: If no author information is provided, the source is cited instead.

Rate this article:
(Hover over the stars then click to rate) Patient / Public:
or Health Professional:
Add Your Opinion

Please note that we publish your name, but we do not publish your email address. It is only used to let you know when your message is published. We do not use it for any other purpose. Please see our privacy policy for more information.

If you write about specific medications or operations, please do not name health care professionals by name.

All opinions are moderated before being included (to stop spam)

Your Name:* E-mail Address:* Title For Opinion:* Opinion:* This is to help prevent SPAM submissions. Please enter the words exactly as they appear, including capital letters and punctuation.*

* Fields marked with a * need to be filled in before you hit the submit button.

Contact Our News Editors

For any corrections of factual information, or to contact the editors please use our feedback form.

Please send any medical news or health news press releases to:

Note: Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a health care professional. For more information, please read our terms and conditions.

navigation:

back to top
home
popular news by year
all written articles
health videos
contact us
your news:

news category list
personalize homepage
weekly newsletters
daily news alerts

company:

about us
advertising
news licensing
article submission

more:

accessibility
help / faq
links
free website feeds
free tools & content


Privacy Policy | Terms and Conditions

MediLexicon International Ltd
Bexhill-on-Sea, United Kingdom
MediLexicon International Ltd © 2004-2012 All rights reserved.

Cancer / OncologyWhat is Cancer?Cancer is a class of diseases characterized by out-of-control cell growth. There are over 100 different types of cancer, and each is classified by the type of cell that is initially affected. Read more...Most Popular Articles

1 Month 3 Months 6 Months 1US Cancer Screening Below National Targets2Tumors Continue Growing Even When Cells Get Old3Breast Cancer Survival - Why Avastin And Sutent Don't Help4Cancer Deaths - Enormous Drop Over Last 20 Years, USA5Cancer Screening Rates Low Among Ethnic Groups, USA6Malignant Melanoma Recurrence - How To Avoid It After Targeted Treatment77% Of Americans Have Oral HPV8Statins May Work Against Certain Breast Cancers 1US Cancer Screening Below National Targets2Tumors Continue Growing Even When Cells Get Old3Roche's Avastin Receives EU Approval For Ovarian Cancer4Breast Cancer Survival - Why Avastin And Sutent Don't Help5Cancer Deaths - Enormous Drop Over Last 20 Years, USA6Cancer Screening Rates Low Among Ethnic Groups, USA7Coffee Emerges As Protective Against Cancer And Other Diseases8Breast Cancer Survival In Younger Breast Cancer Patients Improves With Bone Drug9Malignant Melanoma Recurrence - How To Avoid It After Targeted Treatment10Cancer Vaccine Significantly Reduces Tumor Size 1US Cancer Screening Below National Targets2Tumors Continue Growing Even When Cells Get Old3Roche's Avastin Receives EU Approval For Ovarian Cancer4Breast Cancer Survival - Why Avastin And Sutent Don't Help5Cancer Deaths - Enormous Drop Over Last 20 Years, USA6Cancer Screening Rates Low Among Ethnic Groups, USA7Coffee Emerges As Protective Against Cancer And Other Diseases8Breast Cancer Survival In Younger Breast Cancer Patients Improves With Bone Drug9Malignant Melanoma Recurrence - How To Avoid It After Targeted Treatment10Cancer Vaccine Significantly Reduces Tumor Size

Follow Our Cancer News On TwitterGet the latest news for this category delivered straight to your Twitter account. Simply visit our Cancer / Oncology Twitter account and select the 'follow' option.
Conditions Information-- select from list --Abscess (Dental)AchalasiaAchilles TendinitisAcid RefluxAcneAcoustic Neuroma (Vestibular Schwannoma)AcromegalyActinomicosisAcute Lymphoblastic LeukemiaAcute Myeloid LeukemiaAddictionAddison’s Disease (Primary Adrenal Insufficiency)ADHDAgoraphobiaAir Embolism (Gas Embolism)Alcohol PoisoningAlcoholic Liver DiseaseAlcoholismAlopecia AreataAltitude Sickness (Acute Mountain Sickness)Alzheimer's DiseaseAMD / Macular DegenerationAmenorrheaAmnesiaAmniocentesisAnagen EffluviumAnal CancerAnal FissureAnal Itching (Itchy Bottom)AnaphylaxisAndrogen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS)AnemiaAnemia (Vitamin Deficiency)AneurysmAngerAnginaAngioedemaAnorexia & BulimiaAntiphospholipid Syndrome (Hughes Syndrome)AnxietyAphasiaAppendicitisArrhythmiaArthritisAsperger SyndromeAsthmaAstigmatismAtaxiaAtrial FibrillationAtrophic Vaginitis (Vaginal Atrophy)AutismAvian InfluenzaBack PainBacterial VaginosisBaker's Cyst (Popliteal Cyst)BalanitisBartholin's CystBed Sores (Pressure Ulcers)Bell's PalsyBinge Eating DisorderBipolar DisorderBird FluBladder cancerBladder StonesBlepharitisBody Dysmorphic DisorderBody Odor (B.O.)Boils, furuncles, carbunclesBone CancerBorderline Personality Disorder (BPD)BotulismBrain Abscess (Cerebral Abscess)Breast CancerBreast Cancer (Male)Breast LumpsBronchiectasis (Bronchiectasia)BronchitisBursitisCancerCandidiasisCarbon Monoxide PoisoningCarpal Tunnel SyndromeCartilage DamageCataractsCatatonic SchizophreniaCelluliteCellulitisCerebral PalsyCerebrovascular DiseaseCervical SpondylosisCharcot-Marie-Tooth DiseaseChickenpoxChildhood SchizophreniaChlamydiaCholecystitis (Gallbladder Inflammation)CholeraCholestasis Of Pregnancy (Obstetric Cholestasis)CholesterolChronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS)Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS)Chronic Kidney FailureChronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS)CirrhosisCJDClaustrophobiaClostridium Difficile (C. Difficile)Clubfoot (Talipes Equinovarus)Cluster HeadacheCold SoresColicColon CancerColorectal CancerComa (Comatose)Common ColdComplex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)ConcussionCongenital Heart Disease (Congenital Heart Defect)Conjunctivitis (allergic)Conjunctivitis (infective)ConstipationCOPD & EmphysemaCorns / CallusesCoronary Heart Disease (Coronary Artery Disease)Costello SyndromeCoughCrabs (Pubic Lice)CraniosynostosisCreutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)CristoporidiosisCrohn's DiseaseCroupCryptorchidism (Undescended Testicle)Cushing's SyndromeCystic FibrosisCystitisCystsCytomegalovirus (CMV)DandruffDeep Vein ThrombosisDehydrationDementiaDengue Fever?DepressionDetached RetinaDHTDiabetesDiabetes InsipidusDiabetic RetinopathyDiarrheaDiphtheriaDiscoid Eczema (Nummular Dermatitis)Disorganized Schizophrenia (Hebephrenia)DiverticulitisDouble Vision (Diplopia)Down SyndromeDry Eye SyndromeDry Mouth (Xerostomia)Dupuytren’s ContractureDysenteryDyslexiaDysphagiaDyspraxiaDystoniaE.coliEctopic PregnancyEctropionEczemaEdemaEmbolismEmphysemaEncephalitisEndocarditisEndometriosisEnuresis - BedwettingEpidermolysis BullosaEpiglottitisEpilepsyEpiphora (Watering Eye)Erectile DysfunctionEsophageal CancerEsophagitisEuthanasia (Assisted Suicide)Exophthalmos (Bulging Eyes)Eye Melanoma (Ocular Melanoma)Febrile Seizures (Convulsions)FeverFibroidsFibromyalgiaFlat Feet (Fallen Arches)FlatulenceFood AllergyFracture (Broken Bones)FrostbiteFrozen ShoulderGallstonesGanglion CystGangreneGastroenteritis / Food PoisoningGenital WartsGERDGiardiasisGilbert SyndromeGlandular FeverGlaucomaGlomerulonephritisGlue EarGluten Intolerance / Celiac DiseaseGoiter (Goitre)GonorrheaGoutGraves’ DiseaseGuillain-Barré SyndromeGum Disease (Gingivitis)Hair Loss / BaldnessHalitosis (Bad Breath)HangoverHay FeverHead LiceHeadachesHeart AttackHeart Block (AV Bundle/Bundle Branch Block)Heart DiseaseHeart FailureHeartburnHeat Rash (Prickly Heat)Heel PainHemochromatosisHemophiliaHemroids / HemorrhoidsHepatitisHerniaHerpesHiccupsHiccups (Hiccoughs)High Blood PressureHirsutism (Excessive Hairiness)HIV / AIDSHivesHormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)Huntington's DiseaseHydrocephalus (Water On The Brain)Hyperhidrosis (Excessive Sweating)HypertensionHyperthyroidismHypertrophic CardiomyopathyHypertrophic CardiomyopathyHypochondriaHypoglycemiaHypotensionHypothermiaHypothyroidismHysterectomyImpacted Wisdom TeethImpetigoIncontinence (bowel)Incontinence (urinary)IndigestionInfant JaundiceInfertilityInfluenza / FluIngrown ToenailInsomniaIrregular Periods (Oligomenorrhea)Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)Irritable Hip (Acute Transient Synovitis)Japanese EncephalitisJaundice (icterus)Jet LagKawasaki DiseaseKetosisKidney CancerKidney Infection (Pyelonephritis)Kidney StonesLactose IntoleranceLaryngeal Cancer (Cancer Of The Larynx)LaryngitisLazy EyeLeg CrampsLegionnaires' DiseaseLeukemiaLichen PlanusListeria Infection (Listeriosis)Liver CancerLung CancerLupusLyme DiseaseLymphedemaLymphomaMal De Debarquement Syndrome (MdDS)MalariaMalnutritionMarfan SyndromeMastitisMeaslesMeniere's diseaseMeningitisMenopauseMental HealthMesotheliomaMetatarsalgia (Stone Bruise)MigraineMolesMolluscum ContagiosumMorning Sickness (Nausea Gravidarum)Morton's NeuromaMotion Sickness (Travel Sickness)Motor Neuron DiseaseMouth CancerMRSAMultiple MyelomaMultiple SclerosisMumpsMunchausen SyndromeMunchausen Syndrome By ProxyMuscular Dystrophy (MD)Myasthenia Gravis (Goldflam Disease)Nail Fungal InfectionNarcissistic Personality DisorderNarcolepsyNasal PolypsNDM-1Necrotizing FasciitisNeurofibromatosisNeuromyelitis Optica (Devic's Disease)NeuropathyNicotine Dependence (Dangers Of Smoking)Noonan SyndromeNorovirus InfectionObesityObsessive Compulsive DisorderObsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)Occupational AsthmaOpioid-Induced Constipation (OIC)Oral Thrush (Babies)Oral Thrush (Oral Candidiasis)OsteoarthritisOsteochondritis DissecansOsteomyelitis (Bone Infection)OsteopathyOsteoporosisOtitis Externa (Swimmer's Ear)Ovarian CancerOvarian CystPaget's Disease (Of Bone)PainPainful Intercourse (Dyspareunia)Pancreatic CancerPancreatitis (acute)Pancreatitis (chronic)Panic AttacksParanoid SchizophreniaParasitesParkinson's DiseasePelvic Inflammatory DiseasePeptic UlcersPericarditisPeriod PainsPeripheral Artery Disease (PAD)Personality DisordersPilesPimplesPinworms (Threadworms)PleurisyPneumococcal DiseasePneumoniaPolioPost Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)Postherpetic NeuralgiaPostpartum DepressionPrader-Willi SyndromePremature EjaculationPrimary Sclerosing CholangitisProgeriaProstate CancerPsoriasisPsoriasisPulmonary Edema (Oedema)Pulmonary EmbolismQ FeverRabiesRadiation Sickness (Radiation Poisoning)Ramsay Hunt SyndromeRaynaud's DiseaseRectocele (Proctocele)Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI)Restless Legs SyndromeRheumatic FeverRheumatoid ArthritisRhinitis, Non-AllergicRicketsRingwormRosaceaRubellaRuptured SpleenSalivary Gland CancerSalmonellaSARSScabiesScarlet Fever (Scarlatina)Schistosomiasis (Bilharzia)Schizoaffective DisorderSchizophreniaSciaticaSclerodermaScoliosisScurvySeasonal Affective DisorderSexual Addiction (Nymphomania)ShinglesShort Stature (Dwarfism)SinusitisSjogren's SyndromeSkin Cancer / MelanomaSlapped Cheek SyndromeSocial Anxiety DisorderSpina BifidaSpinal Muscular AtrophySquint (Strabismus)StammeringStrep Throat / Sore ThroatStressStress IncontinenceStrokeStye (Hordeolum)Subarachnoid HemorrhageSuicidal ThoughtsSwine FluSyphilisTachycardia (Fast Heart Beat)Tapeworms (Cestodes)Teeth Grinding (Bruxism)Tendinitis (Tendonitis)Testicular CancerTesticular TorsionTetanusThyroid CancerThyroid NodulesTinnitusTiredness / FatigueTobacco Smoke ToxinsTonsillitisTourette SyndromeToxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)Transient Ischemic Attacktransient ischemic attackTraumatic Brain Injury (TBI)Trigeminal NeuralgiaTriple X SyndromeTuberculosisTurner SyndromeTyphoidUlcerative ColitisUmbilical HerniaUrinary Tract Infection (UTI)UveitisVaculitis (Angiitis)Vaginal CancerVaginismusVaginitisValley Fever (Coccidioidomycosis)VaricoceleVaricose Eczema (Stasis Dermatitis)Varicose VeinsVentricular FibrillationVertigoVesicoureteral Reflux (VUR)Vitamin B12 DeficiencyVocal Cord Paresis (Paralysis)Von Willebrand DiseaseVulvar Cancer (Vulval Cancer)VulvodyniaWartsWater On The Knee (Knee Effusion)Water Retention (Fluid Retention)Wegener's GranulomatosisWernicke-Korsakoff SyndromeWest Nile Virus (WNV)Wheat AllergyWhipple's DiseaseWilliams SyndromeWilms’ Tumor (Nephroblastoma)Wolff-Parkinson-White SyndromeYellow FeverYipsZollinger-Ellison Syndrome

View list of all 'What Is...' articles »