AppId is over the quota
A study published February 15 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, reveals that oral nutritional interventions help malnourished cancer patients and individuals at nutritional risk improve some aspects of quality of life (QOL), as well as increase nutritional intake. However, the researchers found that these interventions did not affect mortality.
In 2007, The American Cancer Society estimated that 12 million individuals worldwide would develop cancer, and they estimate this figure to more than double in the next five decades.
Although a nutritional intervention with dietary advice and/or oral nutritional supplements have been suggested by international guidelines for malnourished cancer patients or for individuals with cancer who were previously at nutritional risk, these suggestions are based primarily on expert opinion rather than human trials.
Christine Baldwin, Ph.D., RD, Lecturer at the Nutritional Sciences Division at King's College in London, and her team, set out to determine the effectiveness of oral nutritional interventions on the QOL of individuals at nutritional risk and malnourished cancer patients.
The team examined 13 studies involving a total of 1,414 cancer patients who were either malnourished or at risk of malnutrition and receiving oral nutritional support, in comparison to individuals who received standard care. The team measured the QOL, energy intake, weight, and mortality of cancer patients receiving nutritional support in comparison to patients receiving routine care.
The team discovered that nutritional intervention statistically considerably improved various aspects of QOL, such as loss of appetite, emotional functioning, and dyspnea (shortness of breath). In addition, they found that although nutritional support resulted in a wide variety of effects on energy intake as well as weight, it did not affect mortality.
The researchers explain:
"The findings suggest that oral nutritional interventions have no effect on survival and that the effect on body weight and energy intake is inconsistent but that statistically significant improvements in some aspects of QOL may be achieved."
The team highlight the study limitations, particularly the heterogeneity of the studies - both statistically and clinically.
They conclude:
"It is not possible, therefore, to explain the difference found between studies, but it is likely that the factors such as site and stage of disease and indeed variations in the duration, nature, and intensity of the nutritional intervention will account for differences in effects in patients."
In an associated report, Ann O Mara, Ph.D., RN, and Diane St. Germain, MS, RN of the Division of Cancer Prevention at the National Cancer Institute, explain that malnutrition can independently predict poor outcomes with cancer treatment, however not all cancer patients will benefit from oral nutritional interventions either in improved QOL or survival.
According to Mara and Germain, oral nutritional supplements are suggested as they are seen to produce no adverse effects.
They explain:
"Dietary counseling may be beneficial for patients at high risk for malnutrition and their caregivers."
The editorialists say that due to the limitations of the study, it's difficult to apply the findings to practice:
"Until future research provides clearer answers regarding who will benefit from nutritional interventions, the use of a comprehensive assessment, published nutritional guidelines, and early interventions are essential."
Written by Grace Rattue
Copyright: Medical News Today
Not to be reproduced without permission of Medical News Today
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Grace Rattue. "How Much Do Nutritional Interventions Help Malnourished Cancer Patients?." Medical News Today. MediLexicon, Intl., 16 Feb. 2012. Web.
16 Feb. 2012.
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